The rough cut
Final Edit
Friday, 18 December 2015
Thursday, 17 December 2015
Section 3: Conclusion
Continuity was used in the early
cinema editing by Griffiths, Griffiths was only of the first film pioneers in
the earlier era to create a story while producing a film. The first people to
start in the new era of cinema were the Lumiere brothers. The Lumiere brothers
where not to be the only people to be film pioneers. Due to this they inspired
generation after generation to create a different approach on the film
industry.
The Russians had created montage to directly oppose the American due to the war the Russians had reflected that into creating something that will spite a reaction. The difference between continuity and montage is that with continuity tells a story it is mainly used for entertainment purposes so that people do not have to think and they can enjoy the movie. This has a closed ending meaning that the means that the story will end so that people are able to know that the narrative has finished. However with montage it makes us think and makes our brain perceive it differently, this means that montage would be an alternative technique this is because they deliberately break continuity by using editing techniques such as open endings which means that there will be no ending to the film so that we are left on a cliff hanger and flashbacks. Montage absorbed continuity.
However continuity is still being used today in films. In a modern film we can see the use of match on action, Shot reverse shot, point of view shots, cutaways, motivated cuts etc. Here in this clip below there is a shot reverse shot.
The use of shot reverse shot is so that if two people are having a conversation that we are able to see both peoples reactions. This is a continuity editing technique, shot revers shot ties in with 180 degree rule to maintain continuity. This is so people do not feel uncomfortable if the shot may be a different places it may confuse them.
Most of the techniques that Griffith had discovered was by trial and error like the 180 degree rule.
Continuity techniques like motivated cuts, shot reverse shot, seamless editing, furthermore are used a lot in the film industry, this is to create a story. Continuity is mainly used to tell a story, this is done by putting a sequence together, to create a pace so that for films such a thriller is will create suspense and also to manipulate time and space. A modern movie that manipulates time and space is a modern auter Kubrick with his film space odyssey. Seamless editing has been used in the hang over seamless editing is referred to as invisible editing so that you are unable to see when the edit has been made. This technique is useful because as the sequence will cut quicker which makes it much more tense from the audience.
The use of cross cutting has been used in the modern era today. For an example Griffiths had created the effect of cross- cutting this was then used in the modern era by Christopher Nolan in the film the dark knight. Nolan is a British- American director how was been commonly know for using discontinuity in his work. This is a much more artist approach to this which is why Nolan is tilted as a auter. However in some of his films he has been know for using continuity to develop the editing technique of cross cutting
In this clip there is a great use of cross cutting between a variety of shots. From Griffith to Nolan the technique has not changed and it being used the same. This has been used to create a pace of tension and suspense so that it will be a thriller. This editing technique is used mainly used in the modern era this is used for entertainment purposes which follow continuity to follow a story line.This is so that we are able to see action in different scenes.
Continuity techniques such as motivated cut, shot reverse shot and the 180 degree rule and many more are still used in the modern period of film making. This is used to create a story and we are able to establish a clear narrative. This is so that a story can be told with a closed ending and this is based around entertainment. The continuity edit is mainly used to create pace and to manipulate time and space.
In this continuity sequence we can see that drama has been created. This is because seamless editing has been used so that we are unable to notice the edit between each shot so that we think that this has all been sequenced together this is done to create a story. This is to create an intense atmosphere so that it feel as if it is realistic. Also it cuts much more quicker and picks up pace so that that story line becomes more interesting.
Montage was also used in the early stages of film this was made to break away from the American way of editing which is continuity. On of the very early pioneers that had continuity was George Melies. He was the man who was responsible for creating the jump- cuts. This had accidentally been discovered. The technique has been used in the modern period for instance in the the film Fight club the use of jump cuts were used to make you think and to create meaning to show how the mans life is moving slow but still continuing.In reality this is reflecting the fact that the man is unfocused and also has lack of sleep.
Pioneers in the modern period that tend to used this techniques such as Nolan and Tarantino. They both use less common editing techniques such as this one which makes them auteurs. As the have a much more artist approach. In the world of contemporary editing the use a great deal of alternative techniques. In Tarantino's films he breaks continuity for instance in his film Kill Bill. The 180 degree rule is broken when the woman is fighting with the man. Tarantino had purposely done this so that we know that it is staged.
In Kubrick's space Odyssey Kubrick jump cuts between the animals on earth and life and then he had cut to space. This is a good use of breaking time and space.
The reason for them losing their purpose is because in montage and discontinuity.Montage makes people think. People tend to become much more lazier and this is why continuity is so much more common as it is mainly for entertainment purposes however montage was created for by the Russian to send a message and make people think.Discontinuity can be perceived as creating drama and suspense and drama which makes a film seem much more appealing to the audience. One of the reasons that montage has become less dominate than montage is because over the years montage has not been used as much is because of technology. U.S and Soviet Russia to see what editing technique would be used the most during the years and which one will become more common. There was a feud between an American director Richard Nixon and a Russian Nikta Khrushchev over which editing technique is better. Another reason why continuity has become much more dominant than montage is because this editing technique creates a sense of realism so that people actually feel apart of the action. and the use on seamless editing will be used so therefore people are able to watch a film without being confused and people watch movies to relax and continuity allows you to do just that. On the other hand, montage was created for intellectual purposes to make people think as this my cause the audience discomfort because they do not want to have to think and be confused during the movies and therefore this lead to the reign of continuity. This is also linked to the fact that continuity had absorbed the style of montage.
The Russians had created montage to directly oppose the American due to the war the Russians had reflected that into creating something that will spite a reaction. The difference between continuity and montage is that with continuity tells a story it is mainly used for entertainment purposes so that people do not have to think and they can enjoy the movie. This has a closed ending meaning that the means that the story will end so that people are able to know that the narrative has finished. However with montage it makes us think and makes our brain perceive it differently, this means that montage would be an alternative technique this is because they deliberately break continuity by using editing techniques such as open endings which means that there will be no ending to the film so that we are left on a cliff hanger and flashbacks. Montage absorbed continuity.
However continuity is still being used today in films. In a modern film we can see the use of match on action, Shot reverse shot, point of view shots, cutaways, motivated cuts etc. Here in this clip below there is a shot reverse shot.
The use of shot reverse shot is so that if two people are having a conversation that we are able to see both peoples reactions. This is a continuity editing technique, shot revers shot ties in with 180 degree rule to maintain continuity. This is so people do not feel uncomfortable if the shot may be a different places it may confuse them.
Most of the techniques that Griffith had discovered was by trial and error like the 180 degree rule.
Continuity techniques like motivated cuts, shot reverse shot, seamless editing, furthermore are used a lot in the film industry, this is to create a story. Continuity is mainly used to tell a story, this is done by putting a sequence together, to create a pace so that for films such a thriller is will create suspense and also to manipulate time and space. A modern movie that manipulates time and space is a modern auter Kubrick with his film space odyssey. Seamless editing has been used in the hang over seamless editing is referred to as invisible editing so that you are unable to see when the edit has been made. This technique is useful because as the sequence will cut quicker which makes it much more tense from the audience.
The use of cross cutting has been used in the modern era today. For an example Griffiths had created the effect of cross- cutting this was then used in the modern era by Christopher Nolan in the film the dark knight. Nolan is a British- American director how was been commonly know for using discontinuity in his work. This is a much more artist approach to this which is why Nolan is tilted as a auter. However in some of his films he has been know for using continuity to develop the editing technique of cross cutting
In this clip there is a great use of cross cutting between a variety of shots. From Griffith to Nolan the technique has not changed and it being used the same. This has been used to create a pace of tension and suspense so that it will be a thriller. This editing technique is used mainly used in the modern era this is used for entertainment purposes which follow continuity to follow a story line.This is so that we are able to see action in different scenes.
Continuity techniques such as motivated cut, shot reverse shot and the 180 degree rule and many more are still used in the modern period of film making. This is used to create a story and we are able to establish a clear narrative. This is so that a story can be told with a closed ending and this is based around entertainment. The continuity edit is mainly used to create pace and to manipulate time and space.
In this continuity sequence we can see that drama has been created. This is because seamless editing has been used so that we are unable to notice the edit between each shot so that we think that this has all been sequenced together this is done to create a story. This is to create an intense atmosphere so that it feel as if it is realistic. Also it cuts much more quicker and picks up pace so that that story line becomes more interesting.
Montage was also used in the early stages of film this was made to break away from the American way of editing which is continuity. On of the very early pioneers that had continuity was George Melies. He was the man who was responsible for creating the jump- cuts. This had accidentally been discovered. The technique has been used in the modern period for instance in the the film Fight club the use of jump cuts were used to make you think and to create meaning to show how the mans life is moving slow but still continuing.In reality this is reflecting the fact that the man is unfocused and also has lack of sleep.
Pioneers in the modern period that tend to used this techniques such as Nolan and Tarantino. They both use less common editing techniques such as this one which makes them auteurs. As the have a much more artist approach. In the world of contemporary editing the use a great deal of alternative techniques. In Tarantino's films he breaks continuity for instance in his film Kill Bill. The 180 degree rule is broken when the woman is fighting with the man. Tarantino had purposely done this so that we know that it is staged.
In Kubrick's space Odyssey Kubrick jump cuts between the animals on earth and life and then he had cut to space. This is a good use of breaking time and space.
The reason for them losing their purpose is because in montage and discontinuity.Montage makes people think. People tend to become much more lazier and this is why continuity is so much more common as it is mainly for entertainment purposes however montage was created for by the Russian to send a message and make people think.Discontinuity can be perceived as creating drama and suspense and drama which makes a film seem much more appealing to the audience. One of the reasons that montage has become less dominate than montage is because over the years montage has not been used as much is because of technology. U.S and Soviet Russia to see what editing technique would be used the most during the years and which one will become more common. There was a feud between an American director Richard Nixon and a Russian Nikta Khrushchev over which editing technique is better. Another reason why continuity has become much more dominant than montage is because this editing technique creates a sense of realism so that people actually feel apart of the action. and the use on seamless editing will be used so therefore people are able to watch a film without being confused and people watch movies to relax and continuity allows you to do just that. On the other hand, montage was created for intellectual purposes to make people think as this my cause the audience discomfort because they do not want to have to think and be confused during the movies and therefore this lead to the reign of continuity. This is also linked to the fact that continuity had absorbed the style of montage.
Friday, 11 December 2015
Unit 16.2
These three screen shoots have been taken to shot the bins, I had to describe the shot types, and whether it will be good or bad for when I edit the footage(Logging footage). The reason for using the bins is so that we can split up shots much more easily so that the when it comes to finding footage we will be able to find them quicker rather than going through 2 hours worth of footage. The reason that I talked about shot types was so that I was able to determine the footage that I would want to put in the edit. There was a variety of different shot types that I had to include and they may have been the same shot but from different angles. I also had to talk about the different angles on the shot whether it was high or low angle so that when I come back to editing it that I will be able to use different angles to create a continuity sequence.Also to make it much more interesting so that when it comes to the editing section after the rough copy that the people that are watching it do not get bored.
The bin shows all of the shots that have been put into a bin labeled train station. I did this so that all the shots that had been filmed at the train station will be put into one bin. I would quickly scan through each shot so that if we are given a deadline I will not be wasting time. After scanning through I would edit the different shots and whether they are good or bad shots so that I am able to edit it all together.
Wednesday, 9 December 2015
Cross Cutting - This is where two or more scenes occur at the same time but are in different
locations. Parallel editing is used to create mystery and suspense, narrative and pace. This was developed by Edwin S. Porter; he first used cross cutting in The Great Train Robbery in 1903. This technique is mainstream. The purpose of this is storytelling, as it develops drama, combines shots into sequences and manipulates time and space due to the baptism and the murders.
Jump cuts were created in 1896 by Melies he was filming a bus coming out of a tunnel and his camera film jammed when it started filming again it filmed a horse cart going by and when he watched the film a jump cut was created making the bus look like it transformed into the horse cart, he used this in is magical shows to show people disappearing.Jump cuts were usually used to create magically effects durine the 1800s but now in the present days jump cuts are been used to break contuinty and therefore can fall under montage techniques.
Shots changes based on the tempo of music been played so therefore the shots changes according to the tempo of the music. This technique is used to pass time. It was invented by Eisenstein.
Cross- Cutting Cross cutting also known as parallel editing, is cutting between two different scenes that are happening at the same time.This technique was created and developed by D.W. Griffith. Cross-Cutting was first used in D.W Griffith's film "After many years" in 1908. The clip below shows an example of cross-cutting being used. The clip is from the film Quantum of Solace. In the scene, A man is being interrogated, the camera then cuts to another scene to show that somebody is approaching in a car. The purpose of Cross-Cutting is to show two important/relevant events in the story that are happening at the same time. Using Cross-Cutting makes the story of a film more interesting for audience. It also allows the audience to be introduced to new characters of the story.
Shot Reverse shot is, involves two characters having a conversation. You would have one character looking at the other, then we would have a reverse shot from that characters point of view. This is also known as continuity editing.The purpose of using short reverse shot to see character face whilst talking instead focusing on one character when talking, by this you can see their emotions whentalking and makes more interesting.
Match on Action is form of continuity editing, it is cutting to shot then cutting to another shot to build up the action. Match on Action is used to get the audience attentions and it also creates drama and excitement. D.W. Griffiths stared to investigate the match on action 180 degree rule and found out some interesting fact on where to place the camera so it does not break the 180 degree rule. it develop by directors trying and finally go it right. Till this day on wards directors have been using match on action and the 180 degree rules sign of continuity editing.
Seamless editing or also known as invisible editing is when the cuts matches with the action. This means that there is no editing involved at all just cuts in between shots so it matches the action of what is happening in the film in a certain scene and continues to have the flow without breaking or ruining it but this certain technique was used by D.W Griffith.
Eye-Line match: This is when two shots are lined up from a eye line match. This works when you put two cameras in a similar position around the same axis, You would put this in the same position. An eye line shot is also when the camera shows someone looking at something and then then the camera switches to the object or thing the person was looking at. The purpose of this is so that the audience want t know what the character is looking at.Lev Kuleshov uses an example of an eye-line shot in his Kuleshov effect video. However, the person that was known for discovering this or using this the most was Alfred Hitchcock who used this most frequently in his film.
Motivated: A motivated edit or motivated cut as it is also known, is when the scene cuts to another scene or object that was not in the previous frame. This is done in a discreet manner so it does not seem confusing to the audience or break the illusion of continuity. i.e. 180 degree rule. The purpose of a motivated edit is usually to build suspense, show a conversation between characters, or flashbacks. This is effective because it lets the audience know what had happened in the past.
Modern Example: The Usual Suspects In the opening scene to this movie, a motivated edit is used to create a flashback. This means that the camera would cut back to a previous scene or edit that has been showed vaguely or not at all. The kuleshov effect is when there would a close up but then the second shot can change the meaning completely, the meaning is constructed in our minds. Point of View shot - This is a technique where it will show the scene from the characters point of view, so you can see the events from their perspective, allowing the audience to feel involved in the film because they can see it as if they are there.The Point Of View shot is used here, it is done to show the current events taking place from one characters perspective. It is done to see the events from the eyes of the character. Continuity - A sequence of shots done to entertain the audience, to create a story in a linear sequence. It was invented by D.W Griffiths, through trial as error, as he would try something out and see if it worked. Continuity came from the US, fighting between them and Soviet Russia, who created montage, continuity proved more popular with audiences as it was just done to entertain the audience, unlike montage, which is designed to make the audience think.
Jump cuts were created in 1896 by Melies he was filming a bus coming out of a tunnel and his camera film jammed when it started filming again it filmed a horse cart going by and when he watched the film a jump cut was created making the bus look like it transformed into the horse cart, he used this in is magical shows to show people disappearing.Jump cuts were usually used to create magically effects durine the 1800s but now in the present days jump cuts are been used to break contuinty and therefore can fall under montage techniques.
Shots changes based on the tempo of music been played so therefore the shots changes according to the tempo of the music. This technique is used to pass time. It was invented by Eisenstein.
Cross- Cutting Cross cutting also known as parallel editing, is cutting between two different scenes that are happening at the same time.This technique was created and developed by D.W. Griffith. Cross-Cutting was first used in D.W Griffith's film "After many years" in 1908. The clip below shows an example of cross-cutting being used. The clip is from the film Quantum of Solace. In the scene, A man is being interrogated, the camera then cuts to another scene to show that somebody is approaching in a car. The purpose of Cross-Cutting is to show two important/relevant events in the story that are happening at the same time. Using Cross-Cutting makes the story of a film more interesting for audience. It also allows the audience to be introduced to new characters of the story.
Shot Reverse shot is, involves two characters having a conversation. You would have one character looking at the other, then we would have a reverse shot from that characters point of view. This is also known as continuity editing.The purpose of using short reverse shot to see character face whilst talking instead focusing on one character when talking, by this you can see their emotions whentalking and makes more interesting.
Match on Action is form of continuity editing, it is cutting to shot then cutting to another shot to build up the action. Match on Action is used to get the audience attentions and it also creates drama and excitement. D.W. Griffiths stared to investigate the match on action 180 degree rule and found out some interesting fact on where to place the camera so it does not break the 180 degree rule. it develop by directors trying and finally go it right. Till this day on wards directors have been using match on action and the 180 degree rules sign of continuity editing.
Seamless editing or also known as invisible editing is when the cuts matches with the action. This means that there is no editing involved at all just cuts in between shots so it matches the action of what is happening in the film in a certain scene and continues to have the flow without breaking or ruining it but this certain technique was used by D.W Griffith.
Eye-Line match: This is when two shots are lined up from a eye line match. This works when you put two cameras in a similar position around the same axis, You would put this in the same position. An eye line shot is also when the camera shows someone looking at something and then then the camera switches to the object or thing the person was looking at. The purpose of this is so that the audience want t know what the character is looking at.Lev Kuleshov uses an example of an eye-line shot in his Kuleshov effect video. However, the person that was known for discovering this or using this the most was Alfred Hitchcock who used this most frequently in his film.
Motivated: A motivated edit or motivated cut as it is also known, is when the scene cuts to another scene or object that was not in the previous frame. This is done in a discreet manner so it does not seem confusing to the audience or break the illusion of continuity. i.e. 180 degree rule. The purpose of a motivated edit is usually to build suspense, show a conversation between characters, or flashbacks. This is effective because it lets the audience know what had happened in the past.
Modern Example: The Usual Suspects In the opening scene to this movie, a motivated edit is used to create a flashback. This means that the camera would cut back to a previous scene or edit that has been showed vaguely or not at all. The kuleshov effect is when there would a close up but then the second shot can change the meaning completely, the meaning is constructed in our minds. Point of View shot - This is a technique where it will show the scene from the characters point of view, so you can see the events from their perspective, allowing the audience to feel involved in the film because they can see it as if they are there.The Point Of View shot is used here, it is done to show the current events taking place from one characters perspective. It is done to see the events from the eyes of the character. Continuity - A sequence of shots done to entertain the audience, to create a story in a linear sequence. It was invented by D.W Griffiths, through trial as error, as he would try something out and see if it worked. Continuity came from the US, fighting between them and Soviet Russia, who created montage, continuity proved more popular with audiences as it was just done to entertain the audience, unlike montage, which is designed to make the audience think.
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