Section 3: Conclusion

Continuity was used in the early cinema editing by Griffiths, Griffiths was only of the first film pioneers in the earlier era to create a story while producing a film. The first people to start in the new era of cinema were the Lumiere brothers. The Lumiere brothers where not to be the only people to be film pioneers. Due to this they inspired generation after generation to create a different approach on the film industry.
The Russians had created montage to directly oppose the American due to the war the Russians had reflected that into creating something that will spite a reaction. The difference between continuity and montage is that with continuity tells a story it is mainly used for entertainment purposes so that people do not have to think and they can enjoy the movie. This has a closed ending meaning that the means that the story will end so that people are able to know that the narrative has finished. However with montage it makes us think and makes our brain perceive it differently, this means that montage would be an alternative technique this is because they deliberately break continuity by using editing techniques such as open endings which means that there will be no ending to the film so that we are left on a cliff hanger and flashbacks. Montage absorbed continuity. 
However  continuity is still being used today in films. In a modern film we can see the use of match on action, Shot reverse shot, point of view shots, cutaways, motivated cuts etc. Here in this clip below there is a shot reverse shot.
The use of shot reverse shot is so that if two people are having a conversation that we are able to see both peoples reactions. This is a continuity editing technique, shot revers shot ties in with 180 degree rule to maintain continuity. This is so people do not feel uncomfortable if the shot may be a different places it may confuse them.


Most of the techniques that Griffith had discovered was by trial and error like the 180 degree rule.

Continuity techniques like motivated cuts, shot reverse shot, seamless editing, furthermore are used a lot in the film industry, this is to create a story. Continuity is mainly used to tell a story, this is done by putting a sequence together, to create a pace so that for films such a thriller is will create suspense and also to manipulate time and space. A modern movie that manipulates time and space is a modern auter Kubrick with his film space odyssey. Seamless editing has been used in the hang over seamless editing is referred to as invisible editing so that you are unable to see when the edit has been made. This technique is useful because as the sequence will cut quicker which makes it much more tense from the audience.
  
The use of cross cutting has been used in the modern era today. For an example Griffiths had created the effect of cross- cutting this was then used in the modern era by Christopher Nolan in the film the dark knight. Nolan is a British- American director how was been commonly know for using discontinuity in his work. This is a much more artist approach to this which is why Nolan is tilted as a auter. However in some of his films he has been know for using continuity to develop the editing technique of cross cutting 



In this clip there is a great use of cross cutting between a variety of shots. From Griffith to Nolan the technique has not changed and it being used the same. This has been used to create a pace of tension and suspense so that it will be a thriller. This editing technique is used mainly used in the modern era this is used for entertainment purposes which follow continuity to follow a story line.This is so that we are able to see action in different scenes.     


Continuity techniques such as motivated cut, shot reverse shot and the 180 degree rule and many more are still used in the modern period of film making. This is used to create a story and we are able to establish a clear narrative. This is so that a story can be told with a closed ending and this is based around entertainment. The continuity edit is mainly used to create pace and to manipulate time and space.



In this continuity sequence we can see that drama has been created. This is because seamless editing has been used so that we are unable to notice the edit between each shot so that we think that this has all been sequenced together this is done to create a story. This is to create an intense atmosphere so that it feel as if it is realistic. Also it cuts much more quicker and picks up pace so that that story line becomes more interesting.



Montage was also used in the early stages of film this was made to break away from the American way of editing which is continuity. On of the very early pioneers that had continuity was George Melies. He was the man who was responsible for creating the jump- cuts. This had accidentally been discovered. The technique has been used in the modern period for instance in the the film Fight club the use of jump cuts were used to make you think and to create meaning to show how the mans life is moving slow but still continuing.In reality this is reflecting the fact that the man is unfocused and also has lack of sleep.






Pioneers in the modern period that tend to used this techniques such as Nolan and Tarantino. They both use less common editing techniques such as this one which makes them auteurs. As the have a much more artist approach. In the world of contemporary editing the use a great deal of alternative techniques. In Tarantino's films he breaks continuity for instance in his film Kill Bill. The 180 degree rule is broken when the woman is fighting with the man. Tarantino had purposely done this so that we know that it is staged.



 In Kubrick's space Odyssey Kubrick jump cuts between the animals on earth and life and then he had cut to space. This is a good use of breaking time and space.




The reason for them losing their purpose is because in montage and discontinuity.Montage makes people think. People tend to become much more lazier and this is why continuity is so much more common as it is mainly for entertainment purposes however montage was created for by the Russian to send a message and make people think.Discontinuity can be perceived as creating drama and suspense and drama which makes a film seem much more appealing to the audience. One of the reasons that montage has become less dominate than montage is because over the years montage has not been used as much is because of technology. U.S and Soviet Russia to see what editing technique would be used the most during the years and which one will become more common. There was a feud between an American director Richard Nixon and a Russian Nikta Khrushchev over which editing technique is better. Another reason why continuity has become much more dominant than montage is because this editing technique creates a sense of realism so that people actually feel apart of the action. and the use on seamless editing will be used so therefore people are able to watch a film without being confused and people watch movies to relax and continuity allows you to do just that. On the other hand, montage was created for intellectual purposes to make people think as this my cause the audience discomfort because they do not want to have to think and be confused during the movies and therefore this lead to the reign of continuity. This is also linked to the fact that continuity had absorbed the style of montage.